The United States withdrew from the Trans Pacific Partnership in January and is threatening to withdraw from NAFTA. What happened to the consensus for free trade? I will begin by illustrating Ricardo’s classical case for gains from trade. Even in that idealized setting, we can see that these gains are associated with disruption of industries and likely increased inequality across workers as well. I then turn to evidence from the recent outpouring of empirical work, relevant to both issues. A lesson is that the case for free international trade must be more cognizant of the associated costs.